The four technologies of training equipment are constant
resistance devices, variable resistance devices, accommodating resistance
devices, and static resistance devices. All four types can be used with much
benefit, as they help add variation to a training program.
“Constant
resistance” means that the resistance or weight does not change during the
course of the exercise. These types of devices include dumbbells, barbells, and
machines with round pulleys. A constant resistance device does not correct for
changed in musculoskeletal leverage that occurs during an exercise movement.
Meaning when a weight is lifted, the body’s leverage changes during the joint
movement. These devices also do not correct for reduced force output stemming
from fatigue. A lot of sports scientists maintain that constant resistance
training is more natural; it conforms to the way the body is intended to move.
They believe that this makes this type of training more effective overall.
Variable
resistance devices were engineered to cause the amount of weight to increase
during an exercise movement. The idea is to utilize the overload principle
which says that by maximizing the level of stress on the muscles by causing
them to work as hard as possible throughout the full range of motion. A main
drawback of all machines, including variable resistance devices, is that the
movement is directed. Because of this, stabilizer muscles that would normally
assist in the movement are not stressed, and therefore never grow and adapt to
the movement. Another disadvantage, according to some experts, is that due to
the unnatural movement, the brain centers that interpret force and movement
pattern become confused. This can possibly slow and limit final potential.
Accommodating
resistance devices maintain resistance by controlling the speed of movement
throughout the exercise movement. One advantage to this machinery is that
maximum force can be exerted throughout the entire movement, which increases
the amount of adaptive overload that is applied during the exercise. The
disadvantage these devices share with variable resistance devices is that the
movement is unnatural; the brain does not accept the strangeness of controlled
speed.
Static
resistance devices stem from isometric exercise. This type of training will
make you stronger, which is an advantage. However, in order to strengthen
muscles throughout an entire range of movement, the muscles must be worked
throughout the entire range of movement. Therefore, the main disadvantage is that
the muscles will only be strengthened in that particular position.
Knowing about the different types of devices can help when you are creating your training plan. You can attack the same muscle from different angles, just by changing the type of device you use!
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